well...這段太像繞口令的證明法,一定要來記錄一下。
<神學的故事,頁402-403> 全引文如下:
我們發現,在自然界中,萬物有存在和不存在的可能性。因為我們發現,它們是被造的、會敗壞的,因此,它們具有存在和不存在的可能性。但它們不可能永遠都存在,因為那個可能不存在的可能性,有時候就使它不存在了。因此,如果萬物都能夠不存在,那麼就有一個時間,沒有任何東西存在。既然如此,如果這是真的,即使現在也可能沒有任何東西存在,因為不存在者,惟有透過已經存在者,才能開始存在,因此,如果有一個時間,沒有任何東西存在,任何東西就都不可能開始存在;即使現在,也沒有任何東西可能存在,但這是荒謬的。因此,並非所有東西都只是可能存在,而是必須有某一個存在,其存在是有必要的。但是,每個必要的東西,其必要性若不是由其他東西引起,否則就不由其他東西所引起。既然如此,必要性由其他東西引起的必要東西,不可能無限地繼續下去,正如我們對於有效原因已經證明過的。因此,我們不得不承認,有某種存有之存在,其本身具有它自己的必要性,並且其必要性並不是從別的東西得到,而是使別的東西具有必要性。所以人都稱之為神。
為了確認這令人頭暈的語句不是中文版獨享,在網路上搜尋的英文版如下:
We find in nature things that are possible to be and not to be, since they are found to be generated, and to corrupt, and consequently, they are possible to be and not to be. But it is impossible for these always to exist, for that which is possible not to be at some time is not. Therefore, if everything is possible not to be, then at one time there could have been nothing in existence. Now if this were true, even now there would be nothing in existence, because that which does not exist only begins to exist by something already existing. Therefore, if at one time nothing was in existence, it would have been impossible for anything to have begun to exist; and thus even now nothing would be in existence — which is absurd. Therefore, not all beings are merely possible, but there must exist something the existence of which is necessary. But every necessary thing either has its necessity caused by another, or not. Now it is impossible to go on to infinity in necessary things which have their necessity caused by another, as has been already proved in regard to efficient causes. Therefore we cannot but postulate the existence of some being having of itself its own necessity, and not receiving it from another, but rather causing in others their necessity. This all men speak of as God.
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